STD Testing in Knoxville, Tennessee - Fast & Confidential

Get tested quickly and privately in Knoxville, TN. Our STD testing services provide results in just 1-2 days, covering common STDs like chlamydia and gonorrhea.

STDtestPreferred Testing Location 538 W 5th Ave, Knoxville, TN 37917 US Knoxville, TN Change location
Map

Top STD Testing Clinics in Knoxville, TN

Cherokee Health Systems (5th Avenue Health Center)

Quest Diagnostics - Knoxville

Choice Health Network a Positively Living Company (Knoxville)

Knox County Health Department

Interfaith Health Clinic

Cherokee Health Systems (Center City Health Center)

Hope Resource Center

Cherokee Health Systems (East Knox Health Center)

Cherokee Health Systems (5th Avenue Health Center)

  • Hepatitis A Test
  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Hepatitis B Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Herpes Test
  • Chlamydia Test
  • Rapid HIV Test
  • Conventional HIV Test

Cherokee Health Systems in Knoxville, TN offers a range of STD testing services including Hepatitis A, Hepatitis C, and Rapid HIV testing. Open Monday through Friday from 8:00am to 5:00pm, the clinic provides comprehensive care for various sexually transmitted infections. More information is available on their website.

  • Monday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 8:00am-5:00pm

Quest Diagnostics - Knoxville

  • Chlamydia Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Hepatitis A Test
  • Hepatitis B Test
  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Herpes Test
  • HIV Test
  • HIV Early Detection Test
  • Trichomoniasis Test
  • 2018 W Clinch Ave, Knoxville, TN 37916

Quest Diagnostics - Knoxville offers a range of STD testing services including Chlamydia, Syphilis, Gonorrhea, and HIV. The clinic operates Monday through Friday from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, making it convenient for individuals seeking testing during the week.

  • Monday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Saturday: Closed
  • Sunday: Closed

Choice Health Network a Positively Living Company (Knoxville)

  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Chlamydia Test
  • Rapid HIV Test
  • Conventional HIV Test

Choice Health Network, located in Knoxville, TN, offers essential STD testing services including Hepatitis C, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Chlamydia, and both Rapid and Conventional HIV tests. Open Monday through Friday from 9:00am to 5:00pm, the clinic provides a welcoming environment for those seeking testing. More information is available on their website.

  • Monday: 9:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 9:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 9:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 9:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 9:00am-5:00pm

Knox County Health Department

  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Hepatitis B Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Herpes Test
  • Chlamydia Test
  • Conventional HIV Test

The Knox County Health Department in Knoxville, TN offers testing for key STDs including Hepatitis C, Gonorrhea, and Herpes. Open Monday through Friday from 8:00am to 4:30pm, they provide essential health services to the community. More information is available on their website.

  • Monday: 8:00am-4:30pm
  • Tuesday: 8:00am-4:30pm
  • Wednesday: 8:00am-4:30pm
  • Thursday: 8:00am-4:30pm
  • Friday: 8:00am-4:30pm

Interfaith Health Clinic

  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Chlamydia Test

Interfaith Health Clinic in Knoxville, TN offers essential STD testing services including Hepatitis C, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and Chlamydia. The clinic operates Monday through Friday from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm. More information is available on their website.

  • Monday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 8:00am-5:00pm

Cherokee Health Systems (Center City Health Center)

  • Hepatitis A Test
  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Hepatitis B Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Herpes Test
  • Chlamydia Test
  • Rapid HIV Test
  • Conventional HIV Test

Cherokee Health Systems, located in Knoxville, TN, offers a range of STD testing services, including Rapid HIV, Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis. The clinic operates from 7:00 am to 8:00 pm on weekdays, making it convenient for individuals to access necessary health services. More information is available on their website.

  • Monday: 7:00am-8:00pm
  • Tuesday: 7:00am-8:00pm
  • Wednesday: 7:00am-7:00pm
  • Thursday: 7:00am-7:00pm
  • Friday: 8:00am-5:00pm

Hope Resource Center

  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Herpes Test
  • Chlamydia Test
  • Conventional HIV Test

Hope Resource Center in Knoxville, TN offers comprehensive STD testing, including screenings for Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Herpes, and Chlamydia, as well as Conventional HIV tests. The clinic operates Monday through Thursday from 9:00am to 5:00pm and Friday from 9:00am to 1:00pm. More information is available on their website.

  • Monday: 9:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 9:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 9:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 9:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 9:00am-1:00pm

Cherokee Health Systems (East Knox Health Center)

  • Hepatitis A Test
  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Hepatitis B Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Herpes Test
  • Chlamydia Test
  • Conventional HIV Test

Cherokee Health Systems in Knoxville, TN offers essential STD testing services including Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Gonorrhea, and Chlamydia. The clinic operates Monday from 8:00am to 5:00pm, Tuesday and Friday from 7:00am to 5:00pm, and Wednesday to Thursday from 8:00am to 5:00pm. More information is available on their website.

  • Monday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 7:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 7:00am-5:00pm

Affordable & Confidential STD Testing in Knoxville, Tennessee

STD Testing in Knoxville, Tennessee, offers a fast, affordable, and confidential solution for those seeking clarity on their sexual health. Common infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis could be affecting residents. Emphasizing privacy, testing procedures are designed to ensure that your personal information remains secure while addressing your health needs.

With local health data highlighting specific factors, Knoxville STD testing addresses the needs of individuals in high-risk age groups, particularly those between 20-24 years old. Understanding local demographics and health trends may contribute to informed decisions regarding sexual health. The emphasis on risk factors within the community underlines the importance of regular screenings through trusted resources.

Testing can be performed at various local testing centers, providing convenient options throughout the city. Reference to neighborhoods in Knoxville helps potential clients identify nearby facilities. Confident confidentiality procedures ensure a safe environment for all involved in STD screening and STI testing.

Individuals can expect a straightforward process involving simple urine, blood, or swab tests. Results are generally available within 1-2 business days. Understanding that many STDs are curable highlights the significance of early detection and proactive health management.

Ready to take control of your sexual health? Schedule your appointment today to experience the benefits of fast, affordable, and discreet HIV testing and other STD testing options in Knoxville.

Available STD Tests in Knoxville, TN

Private STD Testing

  • Available at over 4,500 nationwide labs (e.g., LabCorp, Quest)
  • FDA-approved tests, no appointment required
  • Results in 1–2 business days
  • Full privacy and confidentiality guaranteed
  • Doctor follow-up and prescriptions if needed

At-Home STD Testing

  • Test yourself privately at home
  • Available online or at pharmacies
  • Results in 2–5 days
  • Risk of user error and delayed treatment
  • Doctor consultation may not be included

Local STD Testing Clinics

  • Offered at Planned Parenthood, clinics, and health centers
  • Walk-in or by appointment
  • May offer free or low-cost options (income-based)
  • Results may take 7+ days
  • Privacy may be limited in shared waiting rooms
  • Fewer test options available

How to Get Tested for STDs in Knoxville, Tennessee

In Knoxville, you have access to several reliable methods for STD testing, each offering different levels of convenience, cost, and confidentiality. Whether you need immediate results or a low-cost solution near you, here is an overview of the available options:

1. Private STD Clinics (Best for Speed & Privacy)

Visiting a private clinic is often the most discreet and dependable method for STD testing in Knoxville. This is the ideal choice for those seeking anonymity and quick answers.

  • Turnaround Time: Fast results, typically within 1 to 2 days.
  • Convenience: Many locations accept walk-ins with no appointment required.
  • Privacy: Strict HIPAA compliance ensures your personal health information remains confidential.
  • Accessibility: With a nationwide network, finding a location in Knoxville is easy.

2. Local Public Health Clinics (Best for Affordability)

Knoxville offers various public and community clinics that provide low-cost or free STD testing services.

  • Cost: Services are often free or based on a sliding income scale.
  • Considerations: These clinics generally require appointments and may have longer wait times for results compared to private labs.
  • Privacy: While committed to patient confidentiality, it is recommended to ask about specific data handling practices if you have concerns about shared medical records.

3. At-Home STD Testing (Best for Convenience)

For those who prefer to test from the comfort of their own home, at-home STD testing kits are a viable option.

  • How it Works: Purchase a kit online or at a local Knoxville pharmacy, collect the sample privately, and mail it to a certified lab.
  • Turnaround Time: Results are usually available via a secure online portal within a few days to a week.
  • Discretion: Kits arrive in discreet packaging to ensure your privacy is protected throughout the process.

Why Choose STDTest.com for STD Testing in Knoxville?

STDTest.comWalk-In Clinics
Appointment:Not RequiredOften Required
Results:1–2 Days3–7 Days
Confidential Billing: Often Lacks
Confidential Billing:IncludedNot Always Available
Pricing:From $24Varies / income-based
Locations:4,500+ LabsLimited

Find Fast, Affordable STD Testing Near You

Get detailed info on same-day testing, pricing, and lab locations through our trusted partner.

How At-Home STD Testing Works

You can opt for an at-home STD test kit as they provide a convenient and private method to screen for sexually transmitted infections without the need to visit a clinic. These kits are perfect for individuals who prefer managing their health from the comfort of their home.

Select Your Kit

Pick a kit either online or at a Knoxville, TN store depending on the infections you wish to screen for. Some kits target infections such as syphilis while others offer a wider panel, for testing multiple STIs.

Collect Your Sample

Follow the instructions to collect a sample – this could involve providing urine, a finger-prick blood sample, or using a swab on the genitals, throat, or rectum.

Send It In

Use the prepaid envelope to send your sample to the lab.

Receive Results

Get your results within a few days through a secure online portal, phone, or app.

Next Steps

After receiving a test result various services are available to provide assistance, such as consultations with healthcare experts, treatment choices or recommendations for care. It is advisable to schedule a follow up appointment with your primary healthcare provider for further consultation and guidance.

Privacy

Test at home without visiting a clinic.

Convenience

No need for appointments or travel.

Panel Size

Ensure the kit covers all the STIs you want to test for.

Speed

Taking the test(s) and mail time may delay results vs. clinic options.

STD Statistics and Trends in Knoxville

How Knoxville STD Rates Compare to Other States

STDState RankNew CasesRate per 100,000US Avg Rate per 100,000
Chlamydiath00495
Gonorrheath00194.4
Syphilisth0017.7
Congenital syphilisth00102.5
HIVth0011.30

Which STDs Can You Get Tested for in Knoxville?

Knowing which STD tests are necessary is important for your well-being. Viral infections are chronic and can be managed with available medications and therapies. Bacterial infections may require retesting to ensure that treatments have been effective as expected.

STDType of InfectionHow It’s TestedWhen to Restest
Oral HerpesViralSwab of a sore, culture, or blood testN/A  (lifelong infection)
Genital HerpesViralSwab of a sore, culture, or blood testN/A  (lifelong infection)
HIVViralBlood testN/A  (lifelong infection)
GonorrheaBacterialBlood, swab, or urine tests3 Months post treatment
ChlamydiaBacterialBlood, swab, or urine tests2 Months post treatment
SyphilisBacterialBlood tests3 Months post treatment
Hepatitis AViralBlood testN/A  (lifelong infection)
Hepatitis BViralBlood testN/A  (lifelong infection)
Hepatitis CViralBlood testN/A  (lifelong infection)
TrichomoniasisParasiticUrine test2 Weeks post treatment

Frequently Asked Questions about STD Testing in Knoxville, Tennessee

How do I know if I might have an STD?

How do I know if I might have an STD?

Symptoms of STDs can vary, but common signs may include:

  • Unusual discharge from the genitals
  • Pain or burning during urination
  • Itching or irritation in the genital area
  • Unexplained rashes or sores

If you experience any of these symptoms, it might be advisable to consider testing.

When should I get tested after exposure?

When should I get tested after exposure?

The timing for testing can vary based on the type of STD. Here are general guidelines:

  • Chlamydia</: Testing recommended 1-2 weeks after exposure.
  • Gonorrhea: Testing advised 1-2 weeks post-exposure.
  • HIV: Testing is suggested 2-4 weeks after exposure for initial results; follow-up testing at 3 months is recommended.
  • Syphilis: Get tested 3 weeks after exposure for accurate results.
  • Herpes: Testing is useful 2-12 weeks after exposure, depending on symptoms.

Consulting a healthcare provider can provide personalized recommendations.

What does a comprehensive STD test panel include?

What does a comprehensive STD test panel include?

A typical comprehensive STD test panel may include testing for:

  • Chlamydia
  • Gonorrhea
  • HIV
  • Syphilis
  • Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2)

Some panels might also test for Hepatitis A, B, and C depending on risk factors and local guidelines.

How much does STD testing cost in Knoxville, Tennessee?

How much does STD testing cost in Knoxville, Tennessee?

The cost of STD testing in Knoxville can vary based on several factors:

  • Type of test
  • Location (private clinic vs. public health department)
  • Insurance coverage or out-of-pocket expenses

On average, tests might range from $50 to $200. It’s advisable to contact local clinics for specific pricing.

Do I need an appointment for STD testing in Knoxville?

Do I need an appointment for STD testing in Knoxville?

While some clinics accept walk-ins, scheduling an appointment for STD testing in Knoxville is recommended. This can help reduce wait times and ensure that the clinic has the necessary staff and resources available.

How quickly will I get my results?

How quickly will I get my results?

Results for STD tests can vary:

  • Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Typically available within 1-3 days.
  • HIV: Rapid tests can provide results in 30 minutes, while standard tests may take 2-7 days.
  • Syphilis and Herpes: Results may take 1-2 weeks.

It’s important to ask the clinic about the expected timeline for your specific tests.

Do I need a doctor's referral?

Do I need a doctor's referral?

A doctor’s referral is not always necessary for STD testing in Knoxville. Many clinics allow individuals to seek testing directly. However, for specific tests or if insurance coverage is needed, a referral might be beneficial.

Your STD Test Privacy Is Guaranteed

Your health information is protected by strict federal and state privacy laws, and we use industry standard practices to ensure the security of that information.

Website Security

STDtest.com works to make your testing experience as discreet as possible. Our site employs the HL7 interface in transferring information from our domains to the labs we work with. HL7 is the healthcare industry safety security standard for ensuring the privacy of all documents transferred on the web.

Email Privacy

You’ll never receive an email with a loud headline announcing “Your STD Test”. You won’t even see our website name in the “From” column. Our email communications are timely and informative, but intentionally discreet.

Discreet Billing

As another safe-guard to your privacy, our website name will not appear on your billing statement. Neither will the names of any tests you receive.

Private Results

Your results involve a two-step process that is another safe-guard to your privacy. You’ll be notified that your results are available by an email from our partner website, which will not include your results. After you log in, you will then be directed to your secure test results.

Get Confidential STD Testing in Knoxville

Order a full 10 test STD screening panel now for just $139.
Individual STD tests starting at just $24.

Best STD Testing Locations in Knoxville, Tennessee

Cherokee Health Systems (5th Avenue Health Center)

Quest Diagnostics - Knoxville

Choice Health Network a Positively Living Company (Knoxville)

Knox County Health Department

Interfaith Health Clinic

Cherokee Health Systems (Center City Health Center)

Hope Resource Center

Cherokee Health Systems (East Knox Health Center)

Qualifications

Call or go online to their website to make an appointment Monday thru Friday. They also test and treat men that might have been exposed to Chlamydia or Gonorrhea.

Treatment Options

Antibiotics can treat Chlamydia and Gonorrhea and you can get your prescriptions here. A physician is also available if you need to talk to one before you leave.

Summary

The staff is friendly and their smiling can help ease some of the anxiousness that you feel when getting tested. Even though they are mainly a health center that focuses on pregnancy, they also have limited STD testing.

Tests offered

  • Hepatitis A Test
  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Hepatitis B Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Herpes Test
  • Chlamydia Test
  • Rapid HIV Test
  • Conventional HIV Test

Contact

Working hours:
  • Monday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 7:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 7:00am-5:00pm

Qualifications

Call or go online to their website to make an appointment Monday thru Friday. They also test and treat men that might have been exposed to Chlamydia or Gonorrhea.

Treatment Options

Antibiotics can treat Chlamydia and Gonorrhea and you can get your prescriptions here. A physician is also available if you need to talk to one before you leave.

Summary

The staff is friendly and their smiling can help ease some of the anxiousness that you feel when getting tested. Even though they are mainly a health center that focuses on pregnancy, they also have limited STD testing.

Tests offered

  • Chlamydia Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Hepatitis A Test
  • Hepatitis B Test
  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Herpes Test
  • HIV Test
  • HIV Early Detection Test
  • Trichomoniasis Test

Contact

  • Address: 2018 W Clinch Ave, Knoxville, TN 37916
Working hours:
  • Monday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 7:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 7:00am-5:00pm

Qualifications

Call or go online to their website to make an appointment Monday thru Friday. They also test and treat men that might have been exposed to Chlamydia or Gonorrhea.

Treatment Options

Antibiotics can treat Chlamydia and Gonorrhea and you can get your prescriptions here. A physician is also available if you need to talk to one before you leave.

Summary

The staff is friendly and their smiling can help ease some of the anxiousness that you feel when getting tested. Even though they are mainly a health center that focuses on pregnancy, they also have limited STD testing.

Tests offered

  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Chlamydia Test
  • Rapid HIV Test
  • Conventional HIV Test

Contact

Working hours:
  • Monday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 7:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 7:00am-5:00pm

Qualifications

Call or go online to their website to make an appointment Monday thru Friday. They also test and treat men that might have been exposed to Chlamydia or Gonorrhea.

Treatment Options

Antibiotics can treat Chlamydia and Gonorrhea and you can get your prescriptions here. A physician is also available if you need to talk to one before you leave.

Summary

The staff is friendly and their smiling can help ease some of the anxiousness that you feel when getting tested. Even though they are mainly a health center that focuses on pregnancy, they also have limited STD testing.

Tests offered

  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Hepatitis B Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Herpes Test
  • Chlamydia Test
  • Conventional HIV Test

Contact

Working hours:
  • Monday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 7:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 7:00am-5:00pm

Qualifications

Call or go online to their website to make an appointment Monday thru Friday. They also test and treat men that might have been exposed to Chlamydia or Gonorrhea.

Treatment Options

Antibiotics can treat Chlamydia and Gonorrhea and you can get your prescriptions here. A physician is also available if you need to talk to one before you leave.

Summary

The staff is friendly and their smiling can help ease some of the anxiousness that you feel when getting tested. Even though they are mainly a health center that focuses on pregnancy, they also have limited STD testing.

Tests offered

  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Chlamydia Test

Contact

Working hours:
  • Monday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 7:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 7:00am-5:00pm

Qualifications

Call or go online to their website to make an appointment Monday thru Friday. They also test and treat men that might have been exposed to Chlamydia or Gonorrhea.

Treatment Options

Antibiotics can treat Chlamydia and Gonorrhea and you can get your prescriptions here. A physician is also available if you need to talk to one before you leave.

Summary

The staff is friendly and their smiling can help ease some of the anxiousness that you feel when getting tested. Even though they are mainly a health center that focuses on pregnancy, they also have limited STD testing.

Tests offered

  • Hepatitis A Test
  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Hepatitis B Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Herpes Test
  • Chlamydia Test
  • Rapid HIV Test
  • Conventional HIV Test

Contact

Working hours:
  • Monday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 7:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 7:00am-5:00pm

Qualifications

Call or go online to their website to make an appointment Monday thru Friday. They also test and treat men that might have been exposed to Chlamydia or Gonorrhea.

Treatment Options

Antibiotics can treat Chlamydia and Gonorrhea and you can get your prescriptions here. A physician is also available if you need to talk to one before you leave.

Summary

The staff is friendly and their smiling can help ease some of the anxiousness that you feel when getting tested. Even though they are mainly a health center that focuses on pregnancy, they also have limited STD testing.

Tests offered

  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Herpes Test
  • Chlamydia Test
  • Conventional HIV Test

Contact

Working hours:
  • Monday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 7:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 7:00am-5:00pm

Qualifications

Call or go online to their website to make an appointment Monday thru Friday. They also test and treat men that might have been exposed to Chlamydia or Gonorrhea.

Treatment Options

Antibiotics can treat Chlamydia and Gonorrhea and you can get your prescriptions here. A physician is also available if you need to talk to one before you leave.

Summary

The staff is friendly and their smiling can help ease some of the anxiousness that you feel when getting tested. Even though they are mainly a health center that focuses on pregnancy, they also have limited STD testing.

Tests offered

  • Hepatitis A Test
  • Hepatitis C Test
  • Hepatitis B Test
  • Gonorrhea Test
  • Syphilis Test
  • Herpes Test
  • Chlamydia Test
  • Conventional HIV Test

Contact

Working hours:
  • Monday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Tuesday: 7:00am-5:00pm
  • Wednesday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Thursday: 8:00am-5:00pm
  • Friday: 7:00am-5:00pm

Advertising Disclaimer

We connect users with trusted third-party testing providers, but do not offer medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment ourselves. Compensation may be received for some referrals.


All medical decisions should be made in consultation with a licensed healthcare provider.